{"id":3585,"date":"2020-08-20T21:50:51","date_gmt":"2020-08-20T21:50:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chicagocouncil.org\/?p=3585"},"modified":"2020-08-24T14:21:39","modified_gmt":"2020-08-24T14:21:39","slug":"081920-cook-county-e-court","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chicagocouncil.org\/staging\/1601\/081920-cook-county-e-court\/","title":{"rendered":"Examining \u201cCook County E-Court\u201d and Looking Toward the Future of the COVID-19 Pandemic"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Written by&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/chicagoappleseed.org\/about-us\/our-staff\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sarah Bloomquist<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/chicagoappleseed.org\/about-us\/our-staff\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Allison Leon<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/chicagocouncil.org\/staging\/1601\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/square-collab-for-footer.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3484\" width=\"265\" height=\"183\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, criminal courtrooms in Cook County were shuttered for all but limited proceedings beginning March 13, 2020, with judges allowed to hear only bond and preliminary hearings, arraignments, and guilty pleas. This policy has resulted in delays for litigants, including \u2013 importantly \u2013 those who are detained awaiting trial, and risks creating a serious ballooning of the criminal docket.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In several jurisdictions in Illinois and around the country, courts have utilized videoconferencing platforms (notably Zoom), to hold substantive legal proceedings without risking the physical health of litigants, witnesses, judges, lawyers, or courthouse staff; on May 4, 2020,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cookcountycourt.org\/Portals\/0\/Criminal%252520Division\/COVID-19\/Procedure%252520for%252520Remote%252520Plea%252520Hearings.pdf?ver=2020-04-29-130914-147\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cook County outlined<\/a>&nbsp;procedures for Zoom plea hearings.&nbsp;<strong>While beneficial from a public health standpoint, remote court proceedings carry new implications for people\u2019s rights and practical functioning of a court proceeding.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">As highlighted in our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagocouncil.org\/staging\/1601\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/E-COURT-REPORT-FINAL-Chicago-Appleseed-082420.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">full report<\/a>, virtual court in Cook County introduces new obstacles to people\u2019s due process and access to counsel rights. In our \u201cCook County E-Court\u201d report, Chicago Appleseed and the Chicago Council of Lawyers make\u00a0<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chicagoappleseed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/E-COURT-3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">recommendations<\/a>\u00a0to address several of these equity, ethics, and constitutional issues.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Our \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagocouncil.org\/staging\/1601\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/E-COURT-REPORT-FINAL-Chicago-Appleseed-082420.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cook County E-Court<\/a>\u201d report introduces obstacles to the defendant\u2019s right to confront witnesses.<\/strong>\u00a0Virtual court makes testimony it practically challenging and constitutionally questionable, because the Confrontation Clause fails to prevent defendants from calling non-hostile witnesses via phone or videoconferencing.<\/li><li><strong>Virtual court proceedings via videoconferencing threaten a person\u2019s right to confer with counsel before and during trial.\u00a0<\/strong>A\u00a0<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/chicagoappleseed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/videoconfreport_080205.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">case study of videoconferencing in Chicago immigrant removal hearings<\/a>\u00a0by Chicago Appleseed and Legal Aid Chicago (formerly LAF) found that \u201cvideoconferencing creates a major barrier to a detained immigrant\u2019s access to counsel,\u201d primarily causing issues with the ability of detained people to confer with their representation.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>There are also ethical concerns related to a person\u2019s right to be physically present for court proceedings.<\/strong>\u00a0While it is not an express right to be heard\u00a0<em>in person<\/em>, the right to be present is implied from the due process clause of the Constitution. Case law in Illinois has established that virtual participation by a defendant is permissible, absent a showing on the record that the lack of physical presence affected the defendant\u2019s constitutional rights.<\/li><li><strong>Remote proceedings also pose the threat of a<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>possible deficiency in empathy from judges, when a defendant is a picture on a screen rather than a physical human presence.<\/strong>\u00a0<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/law\/2017\/oct\/23\/videolinks-in-court-trials-undermine-justice-system-says-report\" target=\"_blank\">Surveys<\/a>\u00a0of UK legal practitioners found that \u201c70% of respondents said it was difficult to recognize whether someone who was on video had a disability\u201d and that \u201cdefendants appear disengaged and remote . . . they often give a nonchalant, poor account of themselves and we are left to infer that they couldn\u2019t care less that they are disrespectful of the court.\u201d\u00a0<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov.uk\/downloads\/publications\/research-and-analysis\/moj-research\/virtual-courts.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Another U.K. study<\/a>\u00a0found \u201cincreased rates of custodial sentences compared to non-Virtual Courts.\u201d<\/li><li><strong>E-Court also introduces an ethical limbo in regard to the necessity of public access to the courtroom,\u00a0<\/strong>an-person screenings of virtual court threaten people\u2019s health and general broadcasting of courtroom proceedings dually threatens what anonymity respondents may have had in the context of normal, physical court.<\/li><li><strong>The socioeconomic implications of virtual courts are blatantly clear and must be reconciled with.<\/strong>\u00a0Virtual proceedings by their very nature exacerbate existing inequality, especially for pro se litigants and people with limited access to high speed internet, unfamiliarity with technology, or language barriers.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">There are several ways to maintain equitably and constitutionally-sound proceedings while allowing Cook County Court via remote means.\u00a0Our report offers\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagocouncil.org\/staging\/1601\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/E-COURT-REPORT-FINAL-Chicago-Appleseed-082420.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">practical policy recommendations<\/a>\u00a0to help mitigate witness testimony issues, address implications with right to counsel, understand constraints for judicial empathy, protect a defendant\u2019s right to be heard in person, maintain the public and dignified nature of proceedings, and ensure equitable access to a virtual courtroom.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chicagoappleseed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/E-COURT-3.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/chicagocouncil.org\/staging\/1601\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/updated-E-Court-infographic-1024x512.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3586\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chicagocouncil.org\/staging\/1601\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/updated-E-Court-infographic-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/chicagocouncil.org\/staging\/1601\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/updated-E-Court-infographic-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/chicagocouncil.org\/staging\/1601\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/updated-E-Court-infographic-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/chicagocouncil.org\/staging\/1601\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/updated-E-Court-infographic-1536x768.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Among the&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chicagoappleseed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/E-COURT-3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">recommendations<\/a>&nbsp;we provide, our \u201cCook County E-Court\u201d report examines technological solutions to permit respondents to communicate confidentially with counsel during and before proceedings; discusses a range of participant control platforms that allow the public to observe court virtually; and explains the importance taking&nbsp;special care to ensure that notice and support is given effectively to all litigants\u2014especially pro se and non-English speaking people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>The Collaboration for Justice of Chicago Appleseed and the Chicago Council of Lawyers would like to thank the pro bono teams at&nbsp;<\/em>Latham &amp; Watkins<em>&nbsp;for preparing this report, and&nbsp;<\/em>Loeb &amp; Loeb<em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<\/em>Harrison &amp; Held<em>&nbsp;for the research support.&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Written by&nbsp;Sarah Bloomquist&nbsp;and&nbsp;Allison Leon In response to the COVID-19 pandemic,  [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[103],"class_list":["post-3585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-collaboration-for-justice","tag-covid19"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Examining \u201cCook County E-Court\u201d and Looking Toward the Future of the COVID-19 Pandemic - Chicago Council of Lawyers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chicagocouncil.org\/staging\/1601\/081920-cook-county-e-court\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta 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